We understand "nature" as the pattern of a given individual. Thus is the way that human energy is channeled into the processes of assimilation and socialization. Having accepted that the first distinction is made regarding the ability of the character to fulfill ourselves, so that the first division will be between the orientations of unproductive and productive nature. Within the unproductive can distinguish the following types:
RECEPTIVE ORIENTATION:
In the receptive orientation the person feels that the "source of all good" is abroad and believes the only way to get what you want is received from an external source. If love is the question of the problem lies not in being loved and loving, so you generally expect to find someone to give them the necessary information rather than make the effort themselves. For this reason people tend to be overly susceptible to rejection or rebuff the person who is dear.
When you need to make decisions or take responsibility can not have enough confidence in themselves and are common in everyday for advice to any trivial detail, also tend to have great fondness for food and drink that often serves to calm her anxiety. So the mouth is the prevailing party in the individuals in this direction.
This type of character tends to be found more abundantly in those societies where the right of one group to exploit other is firmly established and the "expert" is where we find one of their symbols, by the attitude shown towards him by public opinion and that is stimulated by advertising and propaganda. Only he knows about the subject and the rest can only hear your opinion, what places necessarily to others in an attitude of "receptive" to an authority figure. Before the expert people and abide submits its opinion as valid without question for several reasons, but usually part of the scheme that reality is too complex for ordinary citizens, leaving them subject to the person who is asserted as capable of having achieved knowledge on the subject.
OPERATOR ORIENTATION:
In common with the receptive perception that the source of all good is abroad and that by itself can produce nothing, the difference is that in this orientation the individual does not expect to receive what you need as a gift, but that achieved through violence or cunning. Therefore only attracted to people that they can steal something. They also tend to think that what they can steal is better than anything they can produce themselves. If it's ideas, these people instead of producing them, the steal. An extreme example of this approach would be the kleptomaniac.
This approach dates back to feudal ancestors and pirates. He was subsequently pursued by men looking to buy low and sell high, tirelessly pursuing power and wealth, even as a character trait that became established as a general rule.
The mouth, as in the receptive orientation, is the part that symbolizes the body but, unlike the other direction, the attitude now is more aggressive and aimed at the action of biting.
CUMULATIVE ORIENTATION:
In this orientation the person usually has little faith in anything he can get from the outside world since their security is based on the accumulation and savings and, therefore, any expenditure is interpreted as a threat. These people are surrounded by a protective wall and seek to defend at all costs its fortified position. Some of them express their fear of external threat to the compulsion to wash and often show an exaggerated loyalty to people and to the memories as they usually do their sentimentality to believe that all the past was better. Alongside compulsion usually by cleaning often gives the thoroughness, although the method is at the bottom rigid and sterile.
Historically this figure has represented the conservative. The property was consolidated for him a symbol of himself and his protection was established in a supreme value, goods and family in their redoubt.
COMMERCIAL ORIENTATION:
In this orientation success depends to the person's ability to "sell" to others in the "existing market." The aim is to provide a personality that is demanded in the background and let the development of their personality. This kind of personality is most in demand communicating society by various means: cinema, education, etc ...
Once the person is experienced as a commodity itself implicitly reach the second part, which does not depend on self-esteem of himself but of external devices. The individual then fight so that others will recognize the success and, therefore, lose the sense of dignity and pride. Its value is the market price and individuality will be worthless. These features make this approach has spread massively in the modern era, in parallel with the rise of market economy.
If we have to see it in practice in this important knowledge guidance whenever they can find a projection on the market and, therefore, impractical thought that only seeks the truth is relegated. Also, although not the most representative example of this approach is worth emphasizing that most intelligence tests are specific to this thought, his aim is not to measure both the capacity for reasoning and understanding, as measured degree of mental adjustment to a given situation. If the reason was only a logical problem solving ability paranoid logical conclusions could be reached even absurd, on the contrary the aim of reason is to understand the essence of things.
RECEPTIVE ORIENTATION:
In the receptive orientation the person feels that the "source of all good" is abroad and believes the only way to get what you want is received from an external source. If love is the question of the problem lies not in being loved and loving, so you generally expect to find someone to give them the necessary information rather than make the effort themselves. For this reason people tend to be overly susceptible to rejection or rebuff the person who is dear.
When you need to make decisions or take responsibility can not have enough confidence in themselves and are common in everyday for advice to any trivial detail, also tend to have great fondness for food and drink that often serves to calm her anxiety. So the mouth is the prevailing party in the individuals in this direction.
This type of character tends to be found more abundantly in those societies where the right of one group to exploit other is firmly established and the "expert" is where we find one of their symbols, by the attitude shown towards him by public opinion and that is stimulated by advertising and propaganda. Only he knows about the subject and the rest can only hear your opinion, what places necessarily to others in an attitude of "receptive" to an authority figure. Before the expert people and abide submits its opinion as valid without question for several reasons, but usually part of the scheme that reality is too complex for ordinary citizens, leaving them subject to the person who is asserted as capable of having achieved knowledge on the subject.
OPERATOR ORIENTATION:
In common with the receptive perception that the source of all good is abroad and that by itself can produce nothing, the difference is that in this orientation the individual does not expect to receive what you need as a gift, but that achieved through violence or cunning. Therefore only attracted to people that they can steal something. They also tend to think that what they can steal is better than anything they can produce themselves. If it's ideas, these people instead of producing them, the steal. An extreme example of this approach would be the kleptomaniac.
This approach dates back to feudal ancestors and pirates. He was subsequently pursued by men looking to buy low and sell high, tirelessly pursuing power and wealth, even as a character trait that became established as a general rule.
The mouth, as in the receptive orientation, is the part that symbolizes the body but, unlike the other direction, the attitude now is more aggressive and aimed at the action of biting.
CUMULATIVE ORIENTATION:
In this orientation the person usually has little faith in anything he can get from the outside world since their security is based on the accumulation and savings and, therefore, any expenditure is interpreted as a threat. These people are surrounded by a protective wall and seek to defend at all costs its fortified position. Some of them express their fear of external threat to the compulsion to wash and often show an exaggerated loyalty to people and to the memories as they usually do their sentimentality to believe that all the past was better. Alongside compulsion usually by cleaning often gives the thoroughness, although the method is at the bottom rigid and sterile.
Historically this figure has represented the conservative. The property was consolidated for him a symbol of himself and his protection was established in a supreme value, goods and family in their redoubt.
COMMERCIAL ORIENTATION:
In this orientation success depends to the person's ability to "sell" to others in the "existing market." The aim is to provide a personality that is demanded in the background and let the development of their personality. This kind of personality is most in demand communicating society by various means: cinema, education, etc ...
Once the person is experienced as a commodity itself implicitly reach the second part, which does not depend on self-esteem of himself but of external devices. The individual then fight so that others will recognize the success and, therefore, lose the sense of dignity and pride. Its value is the market price and individuality will be worthless. These features make this approach has spread massively in the modern era, in parallel with the rise of market economy.
If we have to see it in practice in this important knowledge guidance whenever they can find a projection on the market and, therefore, impractical thought that only seeks the truth is relegated. Also, although not the most representative example of this approach is worth emphasizing that most intelligence tests are specific to this thought, his aim is not to measure both the capacity for reasoning and understanding, as measured degree of mental adjustment to a given situation. If the reason was only a logical problem solving ability paranoid logical conclusions could be reached even absurd, on the contrary the aim of reason is to understand the essence of things.
This entry was published on
30 August 2009
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Erich Fromm
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